Unpaid work
Unpaid work
Unpaid work includes predominantly housework, looking after children and nursing care, but also honorary activities and social aid, gardening, looking after animals, building and other trades activities, household organization and accompanying out of the home for household and family.
The time budget study by the Federal Ministry for the Family, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth (BMFSFJ) in 2001/2 has showed that the volume of unpaid work in considerably greater in Germany than the volume of paid work. In 2001/02, 96,000 million hours of unpaid work were done by all persons over 12 years of age, as opposed to 56,000 million hours of paid work. The monetary value of unpaid work in the household, valued by the Federal Office of Statistics at € 7 net per hour, is € 684,000 million (cf. BMFSFJ, 2003).
Unpaid work, both in Germany and in the rest of the world, is unequally divided between women and men. While in Germany on average men spend 2 hrs 5 mins daily doing work for house and family, this average figure for women is 3 hrs 50 mins. With paid work, the situation is reversed. Here, men work on average 3 hrs 12 mins daily, while women work 1 hr 44 mins (cf. BMFSFJ, 2003). In the age group, in which work in the family has greater weight because of bringing up children (25 – 45 years), the gender-related differences are greater still. The division of labor in couple households with children is on average more traditional than in childless households, and in West Germany it is more traditional than in Eastern Germany.
Nonetheless, the housewife model of marriage is breaking down in Germany and other Western industrial countries. It is being replaced by the norm of full-time employment for the man combined with part-time working for the woman during the period in which children have to be looked after. Since unpaid work is still predominantly done by women, in spite of increasing integration into the world of work, this represents a heavy burden on women who have to combine the demands of a job with those of working in the family and the home.
Here you can find some gender aspects which are especially important in the area of unpaid work.
The time budget study by the Federal Ministry for the Family, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth (BMFSFJ) in 2001/2 has showed that the volume of unpaid work in considerably greater in Germany than the volume of paid work. In 2001/02, 96,000 million hours of unpaid work were done by all persons over 12 years of age, as opposed to 56,000 million hours of paid work. The monetary value of unpaid work in the household, valued by the Federal Office of Statistics at € 7 net per hour, is € 684,000 million (cf. BMFSFJ, 2003).
Unpaid work, both in Germany and in the rest of the world, is unequally divided between women and men. While in Germany on average men spend 2 hrs 5 mins daily doing work for house and family, this average figure for women is 3 hrs 50 mins. With paid work, the situation is reversed. Here, men work on average 3 hrs 12 mins daily, while women work 1 hr 44 mins (cf. BMFSFJ, 2003). In the age group, in which work in the family has greater weight because of bringing up children (25 – 45 years), the gender-related differences are greater still. The division of labor in couple households with children is on average more traditional than in childless households, and in West Germany it is more traditional than in Eastern Germany.
Nonetheless, the housewife model of marriage is breaking down in Germany and other Western industrial countries. It is being replaced by the norm of full-time employment for the man combined with part-time working for the woman during the period in which children have to be looked after. Since unpaid work is still predominantly done by women, in spite of increasing integration into the world of work, this represents a heavy burden on women who have to combine the demands of a job with those of working in the family and the home.
Here you can find some gender aspects which are especially important in the area of unpaid work.
zurück
nach oben
drucken
erstellt von Administrator
—
zuletzt verändert:
02.01.2010 20:07
